It compares the measured temperature to a predefined threshold (set in the code). When the temperature exceeds the threshold (e.g., 30°C), the Arduino sends a signal to the NPN transistor's base ...

He wound up using two common NPN transistors and 4 1K resistors ... but he’s only using one of them as a proper transistor. That one is a conventional pass regulator like you might find in ...

Проверка на исправность. Определение типа (npn / pnp). Определение пинов (база, эмиттер, коллектор). Точность определения типа 100%. Точность определения пина "Базы" 100%. Точность определения пинов " ...