Fungus are rare causes of pyelonephritis, most commonly seen in immunocompromised people, such as organ transplant recipients ...

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Findings on nuclear renal scans suggest that the vast majority of infants and young children with febrile UTIs have acute pyelonephritis (APN, upper-tract infection). Early recognition and prompt ...

Emphysematous pyelonephritis and duodenal perforation are both important causes of air in the right perirenal space. While they may mimic each other due to similar radiographic appearance, the ...